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Family & Relationship Services

Cohabiting Couples & Unmarried Families

Jacqueline Major
Jacqueline Major
Partner
Manisha Raja
Manisha Raja
Partner
Vanessa Friend
Vanessa Friend
Partner
Hannah Yellop
Hannah Yellop
Associate
Harry Wright
Harry Wright
Paralegal
Jessica Wells
Jessica Wells
Paralegal
Uzmah Rasool
Uzmah Rasool
Associate

What is cohabitation?

Cohabitation is living together when you are not married or in a civil partnership. There is no such legal status as the commonly known expression common law spouse. Cohabitees do not have the same financial claims or rights as married couples or civil partners. This is regardless of how long you have been living together or whether you have children.

If you are considering cohabiting, it is highly advisable to seek advice on what your legal position would be if the relationship came to an end. You could consider entering a cohabitation agreement. You can enter a Cohabitation Agreement either before or during the relationship.

If you are in a cohabitation relationship which has broken down, it is equally highly advisable to get advice early, to know your position.

Cohabitation Agreements – what are they?

When deciding to live together, it is advisable to be able to set out the terms particularly financial terms, of the cohabitation in a Cohabitation Agreement. This can help protect yourself should the relationship break down. An agreement can set out your joint intentions with regard to property, cash, chattels (belongings), what would happen if the relationship were to end.

Cohabitation Agreements are becoming increasingly common and are a good way to ensure that both parties to the relationship know what they are agreeing to when they live together and what will happen to their assets if they split up. We can offer advice on Cohabitation Agreements and can draft agreements bespoke to your personal situation at competitive rates.

They are particularly important if you are going to be living in a property which one of you owns solely.

"My thanks and sincere gratitude to Jacqueline for all her support, advice and legal guidance over the course of this past 18 months. If I ever find myself in a position to require legal advice or presentation I will not hesitate to contact the firm. I am also genuinely pleased to recommend Jacqueline Major to any friends or associates requiring legal support in similar matters."

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What rights do cohabiting couples have when they separate?

Unless you have a cohabitation agreement, there are no automatic rights to property, pensions, maintenance etc as for married couples. The law that governs the division of property is very complex. Property, for example your family home, which is likely to be the biggest asset as between you and your partner is usually of the most concern when the relationship ends.

Contact our specialist family law team on
0330 822 3451
or request a callback.
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Do I have a share in our family home?

If the property is in joint names then the amount you could be entitled to will depend on what the nature of the joint ownership is. If you hold the property as joint tenants either party can apply to the court for the property to be sold and the net money after payment of any mortgage and fees to be shared equally.

If you own as tenants in common this means you own in defined shares for example 70% – 30% or 20% – 80% – there would usually be a declaration of trust that would set out your percentage ownership. This means you would be likely to get a share of the property that reflects the percentage you hold.

If the property is in one party’s sole ownership the starting point is that the other party will have no claim over the property unless they can show that they made monetary contributions directly to:

  • The purchase of the property e.g. the deposit.
  • Paying mortgage instalments or part of these.
  • Funding significant home improvements.

Such a claim, if you have a relevant contribution, is made under complex law of trusts where you are asking the court to give you a share of the property based on what was jointly intended, despite the property being in the other party’s sole name.

If you are a sole owner of property it is just as important that you have a Cohabitation Agreement so that you can safeguard against any claims being made based on contributions. If you are cohabiting with someone who owns the property in their sole name a Cohabitation Agreement can help make clear what the intentions are if you start to contribute to the mortgage or to a new kitchen or bathroom. This is where taking legal advice on what your rights/position could be early is essential.

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Medical emergencies and death

Unless you and your partner have made a formal written agreement, you will not be treated as next of kin if your partner becomes unwell. This means that you will not have an automatic right to know about their condition or make decisions about their treatment.

If your partner dies, you will not have an automatic right to make the funeral arrangements or have access to their sole bank accounts.

If your partner dies without a will you would not inherit under the intestacy rules and their state pension would not automatically pass to you. In some cases it is possible to make a claim against the deceased estate for reasonable financial provision as their cohabitant.

We can advise clients facing these issues, including claims against an estate. The best approach is to prepare the correct documentation beforehand, which we can assist with.

 

"My solicitor has gone above and beyond duty, to do it out of office hours, and for there to be resolution in the best interest of me and my daughter. I highly recommend them.”

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Debts

You are liable for any debts which are in your own name only, but not for any debts which in your partner’s sole name. If you have acted as a guarantor for your partner’s debt, you may also be responsible for paying it.

You may be responsible for the full amount of a debt in joint names and for other debts for which you have entered into on ‘joint and several’ legal basis, for example a mortgage.
If your partner owes you money then you may need to claim it through the court’s or with a solicitor’s assistance.

We can assist you in dealing with these issues.

"I feel very fortunate to have met Jacqueline and been represented by her. If you are in need of legal advice or representation, do call HJA - you will be in very capable hands."

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What if there are children?

On separation you and your partner can make arrangements for your children. This is the case whether you are married or living together. If you cannot agree the arrangements it may be necessary to use mediation or attend court. For further information on our child arrangement page.

Contact our specialist family law team on
0330 822 3451
or request a callback.
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Financial support of children

After separating, most child maintenance claims will be dealt with via the Child Maintenance Service. However, if the non-resident parent earns £156,000 or more gross per annum, it is possible for the parent with care of the child to make an application to Court under Schedule 1 of the Children Act 1989 for financial provision for the benefit of the child. This can include:

  1. Top up maintenance (only once a maximum assessment has been undertaken by the Child Maintenance Service)
  2. Payment of school fees
  3. Lump sum(s)
  4. A “carer’s allowance” e.g. for child care costs/a nanny/running a car to transport the child
  5. The purchase or transfer of a property to the parent with care of the children, which will be returned to the parent who funded it when it is no longer needed by children- usually when they have finished their education or reached majority.

The Court’s power also extends to making orders for periodical payments and lump sums for children over the age of 18 in full time education or where there are special circumstances e.g. disability.

“[Her] professionalism, knowledge of law and negotiating skills are exceptional... Attention to detail far outweighs any solicitor I have ever encountered.”

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What does the Court base their decision on?

The Court must have regard to “all the circumstances of the case” including:

a) The income, earning capacity, property and other financial resources which each person has or is likely to have in the foreseeable future;

b) The financial needs, obligations and responsibilities which each person has or is likely to have in the foreseeable future

c) The financial needs of the child

d) The income, earning capacity (if any), property and other financial resources of the child

e) Any physical or mental disability of the child

f) The manner in which the child was being, or was expected to be, educated or trained.

The Court will take into account the non-resident’s resources and will consider the standard of living between the parents.

How do you find out about the other party’s financial circumstances?

Financial Disclosure can be provided on a voluntary basis using Form E1’s. The same form is used if Court proceedings are required.

Are there any risks?

The general rule for applications made under the Children Act 1989 is “no order as to costs,” e.g. each party pays their legal fees. This rule does not apply in applications under Schedule 1 of the Children Act and so you could be ordered to pay the other party’s costs if your application is unsuccessful. It therefore very important that you take specialist legal advice before making the application and at the outset of your separation.

Every case is different and therefore a tailored approach and advice by our specialist lawyers could help you reach a resolution quicker, reducing stress and legal fees.

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How to resolve disputes

We always aim to resolve disputes quickly, cost effectively and with the minimum of stress. At Hodge Jones & Allen we can provide a range of process options for achieving an outcome including solicitors’ negotiations, mediation, collaborative law and supporting clients with court proceedings or other forms of alternative dispute resolution.

 

Contact our specialist family law team on
0330 822 3451
or request a callback.
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The London Legal Podcast

Jacqueline Major, Head of the Family Law team discusses Cohabitation Agreements. They look at what a Cohabitation Agreement is, what these agreements can cover and what should and should not be included.

Click here to listen to the podcast.

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